Essay on Verbal and Nonverbal Communication in Our Time...

1.) What are the differences between verbal communication and nonverbal communication? Can we communicate every aspect of whatever we want to express by only verbal messages. Why do we use euphemisms, connotation and denotation to express ideas that are uncomfortable or hard to communicate to others? Cite examples from the motion picture shown in the class and other relevant examples. There are many different ways to communicate with one another, however the primary aspects of communication underlie between two groups, which are verbal and nonverbal communication. Firstly, verbal communication is a way of communicating face-to-face through the use of voice. Our voices have the ability to create a language which constitutes as a symbolic†¦show more content†¦In the film â€Å"Our Time is up† by Rob Pearlstein it shows the drastic and liberating changes a psychologist goes through after learning that he only has six weeks to live. The film shows many levels of verbal and nonverbal communications, and their causes and effects. An example of using euphemisms and denotations is in the scene where the psychologist, Dr. Stern, uses few words or response repetition to his gardener and clients in order to avoid prolonging the conversation, showing that he likes to avoid conflict and has little or no interest in human interaction. However after learning he o nly has six weeks to live he decided to follow the saying â€Å"carpe diem† and express himself freely with no constraint through the use of connotations and nonverbal communication. An example of connotations is in the scene when he is helping one of his clients figure out his sexuality, and he mentions icons such as ‘Liz Taylor’, expecting a quick response. An example of nonverbal communication is in the scene where he is helping a man with a fondling fetish and he smacks them on the head with a ruler signaling to him to stop. 2.) When people do not get along or when relationships fail, it is often blamed on a failure to communicate. Why is communicating effectively so difficult? Cite examples from the motion picture shownShow MoreRelatedVerbal Communication And Nonverbal Communication1235 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication is a natural thing that we as human beings do every day whether we speak or not. There is two different types’ verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication is when we communicate using words exchange in the form of speech in writing or oral. Nonverbal communication does not use words for exchange a message. We use body language, facial expressions, sign language, and eye contact among a few things (Adler, Elmhorst, Lucas, 2013). Read MoreThe Importance Of Verbal And Non Verbal Communication1689 Words   |  7 Pagesit can even determine the success of trade cooperation. Verbal communication is an essential and considerable part of the business negotiation; it is believe as the most crucial and direct means of communication. However, non-verbal communication, such as paralanguage, proxemics, kinesics, chronemics, oculesics, colorics and olfactics, can transfer information and emotion far more efficiency and actually. The study of nonverbal communication is very important, especially in cross-cultural backgroundRead MoreNonverbal Communication : The Method Of Encoding And Decoding1108 Words   |  5 PagesNonverbal communication consists of the method of encoding and decoding. Encoding is the act of producing the communication using gestures, facial expressions, and posture. Decoding is the process of receiving the information and how the individual processes that information based o n their previous experiences. Culture plays a significant role that helps the way learning activities are organized. Nonverbal communication consists of visual cues such as kinesics, proxemics, paralanguage, and hapticsRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Nonverbal Communication in School1661 Words   |  7 PagesDisadvantages of Nonverbal communication in School is an important topic to be learned by human beings. This paper explores various techniques that can be utilized to manage conflict in the workplace. Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonverbal Communication in School Introduction â€Å"People cannot live without each other, we are social beings† (Marwijk). Students from different levels and cultures love to hang out with each other thus using different nonverbal communication which may build or break up relationshipsRead MoreNonverbal Communication1553 Words   |  7 PagesCommunication is a common necessity among people. Communication is needed in order to interact with other people in almost everything within day to day life. Communication can be viewed in two subdivisions, verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication is based on using words and sounds to communicate with another person. Oppositely we have nonverbal communication, which is communication through sending and receiving wordless clues. Examples of nonverbal communication canRead MoreCommunication Between Verbal And Nonverbal Communication1054 Words   |  5 Pagesmeant -Unknown.† Communication is very important in today s society. From texting, emails, talking on the phone, or even talking in person. If you are communicating in a nonverbal way it is important to get your point across exactly how you mean it because someone can read it differently. Talking in person can be easier because you can hear their tone of voice and see their facial expressions, so that can help you determine how they are trying to get the message across. In our speech 191 class weRead MoreNonverbal Verbal And Verbal Communication957 Words   |  4 PagesI have learned a lot about communication. I learned how significant nonverbal and verbal communication is, along with listening. I never fully understood how big communication is in our daily lives. I now realize that it is a huge aspect of how we continue in our lives. This course has showed me different levels of communication. Nonverbal communication is behaviors and characteristics that convey meaning with out the use of words. Sometimes accompanying verbal messages, to clarify or reinforceRead MoreCommunication through Gestures and Facial Expressions Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication through Gestures and Facial Expressions Nonverbal communication can be defined as the transfer of messages without the use of words. It uses physical movement; such as hand gestures and body language, and also facial expressions; for example, eye contact, frowning, and smiling. Marta Dynel defines nonverbal (NVC) communication as: While in broad definitions NVC includes any kind of non-verbal messages (or non-verbal signs) proper to informative processes, more narrow definitionsRead MoreThe Origin Of Nonverbal Communication947 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessor Albert Mehrabian and Susan R. Ferris, that concluded that 93% of communication is considered nonverbal. Nonverbal communication can be anything from tone of voice, body language, and anything that doesn t come out of your mouth basically. Nonverbal communication varies across cultures and sexes and is an essential part of our world. Knowing the facts about how we communicate and the way we react to communication is important to increase trust, clarity, and add interest to your presentationRead MoreUse Of Verbal And Non Verbal Communication1449 Words   |  6 Pages Communication plays a vital role in our lives every day, whether it is verbal or non-verbal. It helps us to communicate our needs, thoughts, and feelings. In this paper one will analyze the three short film clips of Alice Walker: â€Å"Everyday Use†; 1) Dee’s Arrival, 2) Dee’s Conflict, and 3) Quaint Southern Meal. Based on one’s understanding of each film, one will discuss the concept of verbal, and non-verbal communication, as well as the importance of listening skills. Based on the text, communication

Measure for Measure Essay Lord Angelos Hypocrisy

Lord Angelos Hypocrisy in Measure for Measure Within ‘Measure for Measure’ Shakespeare presents the notion that mankinds corruption is not necessarily born by power, but rather already innate in humanity. Shakespeare argues that power is not a producer of corruption by presenting the Duke, who holds the most power, as a moral hero, and conversely revealing the corruption of the powerless class (through characters like, Pompey, Mistress Overdone, and Barnadine). Shakespeare uses Lord Angelo in Measure for Measure to show that corruption is innate within mankind whilst Angelo is a symbolism for pharisaical fanaticism in the play. Its interesting to note that Lord Angelos name evokes an image of purity and†¦show more content†¦Lucios only explanation on why Angelo is a harsh ruler is because he thinks that Angelo doesnt understand human vulnerabilities: that being a propensity to lust and covet. And though Lucio is deceived, he makes a strong case for innate depravity by his reference to that natural edge that all individuals have the misfortune to struggle with. Furthermore, Angelo seems to be have a particularly pure edge, by trying to remain humble when offered the Dukes seat: Let there be some more test be made of my mettle/ Before so noble and so great a figure/ Be stampd upon it†. However simultaneously through Angelo, Shakespeare comes to show that even the most seemingly pure character is filled with the same passions and lusts that are born within each person. Angelos image of holiness causes the Duke to worry. The Duke places Angelo in authority because of his precise nature, and wants him to enforce the laws, which have been stagnant for fourteen years. But the Duke cant really leave Vienna, because he is unsure of how Angelo will act. The Duke reveals his worries to Friar Thomas and argues that Angelo scarce confesses That his blood flows; or that his appetite Is more to bread than stone†. The Duke understands and knows that Angelo is bound to the same humanShow MoreRelated Measure for Measure Essay: Immorality and Corruption1576 Words   |  7 PagesCorruption in Measure for Measure      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In ‘Measure for Measure’, Shakespeare demonstrates that there is an innate immorality and corruption in the heart of man. Shakespeare illustrates that power does not cause corruption.   This is achieved by presenting the Duke, who has the most power in Vienna, as a moral hero, and conversely revealing the corruption of the powerless class through characters including Pompey, Mistress Overdone, and Barnadine.   Through all this, Shakespeare uses Lord Angelo in

Match Between System And The Real World †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Match Between System And The Real World? Answer: Introducation The evaluation of the design process requires one particular framework or heuristics method along with considering heuristics and framework parts. Therefore, Nielson and Molich Heuristics is considered to perform user interface design evaluation in this assessment. The heuristics contains ten individual heuristics aspects that should be properly emphasized in the evaluation process. The evaluation process considers identification of the issue, location of issue, whether is making any problem with usability or not, and whether it is significant or minor. This evaluation process identifies the issue in details so that later, the issue can be resolved with appropriate remedial actions. The remedial actions are included in further section so that usability evaluation can be formulated in form of strategy. The usability strategy considers operations activities with proper priorities so that intermediate designs can resolve the existing issues in the design. In short, to adhere proper reme dial actions for design this evaluation is conducted; remedies are listed with strategy. Nielsen and Molich Heuristics for Evaluation Visibility of system status This heuristics aspect considers that user should have continuous notification about the system activities and within reasonable time, the system will provide appropriate feedback. The user interface design clearly shows that each tab views solar panel details, battery details, power production information, consumption information, battery panel information, grid panel information, equivalence and chat-box feature. However, the issue stays that the user should have instant notification about system status such as whether charging needed for battery or not, how much power is consumed, how much longer any battery can stay without charge and other information. Match between system and the real world This particular aspect considers user-spoken language, words, phrases, and concepts without showing system-related information. Real world conventions show information that appeared to be in natural and logical order. This user interface follows matched criteria between system and real world aspect of the system. The user can view system details by inputting key information such as usage, amount of power, consumed power, weather details, and others. Therefore, in this aspect, there is no such issue regarding real world and user interaction. User control and freedom User should be provided undo and redo option, clear form, emergency exit, and cancel option in each function in the user interface. There is a tendency of user to select options without knowing how to operate them and therefore, the user will be locked into the function when it is not properly operated. In this Helios Solar Home Management System, user control aspect should be addressed. In each tab, there should be confirm form submission and cancel option for either going with function or cancelling the function immediately. This aspect cause major problem as user feels system cannot operate as per request when malfunctioning occurs. Consistency and standards Platform conventions are to be followed as user should not worry about different words, situations, and actions. The consistency in design should address platform independency of the application with systematic means of design and operation. This particular user interface should consider platform independency with following conventions. Error prevention Proper error message acts as better way to make user understand about identified problem and how to prevent the problem in the first attempt. The best practice of making error prevention is to handle error-prone situations by eliminating them or checking for them and provide a confirmation option before the user commit to the action. Prevention of user error can be performed either internally or externally. Internally the exception can be devised so that handling exception can prevent the error to happen. Externally, a detailed message can be provided in the user interface so that user can learn about the error and he or she can easily avoid the error easily later. Recognition rather than recall The user interface should not expect user to recall the system operation by themselves, rather the user interface should make user remember about the part of the dialogue from one another. Instructions for using system should be visible and Business instructions should be provided whenever required. This particular user interface requires full description and help page where every function should be included with details for new user to learn about it. Any nonprofessional or user, who is not using the system for long, can easily learn about all the functions from the help page. Flexibility and efficiency of use The system should incorporate accelerators for speeding up inexperienced and experienced user interactions. The user should be tailored with frequent actions in the system. In this particular system, the user interface is easier for usage already; therefore, this aspect is maintained and no issue is found regarding the same. Aesthetic and minimalist design Dialogue box, message box, error message, and other pop-ups from the system should contain compact and relevant information only. This aspect is known as minimalist yet effective way to serve information for better visibility to each user. This particular user interface should consider the same for minimal yet aesthetic design for operating each function in the system. Therefore, the information is to be served with relevance and details in the system generated tabs. Help users recognize, diagnose, and recover from errors User interface should provide error message, cause of error, and suggestions for avoiding such errors. Again, in this particular system, the error message should contain all the details informatively to help each user properly. Help and documentation Help and documentation is not necessary; though the system should include feedback section so that user can freely interact with the administration authority. The chat-box feature in the system considers messaging the individuals without serving feedback to the operating administration. Therefore, feedback section should be implemented in the current system. Remedial Actions for Identified Issues Remedial actions in the system can help user to operate the system with better aspects of the functionalities and viewing the information to be served. The remedial actions in this section, are provided to counter the identified issues as per Nielsen and Molich heuristics aspects. The actions are listed as following: Notification feature: The user interface should generate instant notification feature regarding whether charging needed for battery or not, how much power is consumed, how much longer any battery can stay without charge and other information. Cancel option: Each function should consider cancel option; the page where user need to input, there should be clear or reset button for clearing out all inputted information. The page where user need to confirm something, there should be cancel or exit button to heading back to home or previous page. Detailed error messages: The error message should contain three essential parts. The parts are error message (which error happened), cause of error, and suggestions for avoiding such errors. Help page design: The help page should be incorporated as last part of the use interface. It should contain detailed instructions as how to operate the system. Relevant information: Relevant information should include minimal detail about error, dialogues, and message that user need to know. Feedback page design: The user interface should consider feedback page so that user can suggest new function suggestions or other errors that should be adhered with remedies. Usability Strategy for Meeting Usability Goals Usability strategy should be formulated with above-mentioned remedies so that these usability flaws can be fixed easily. The remedies are discussed in details so that developers can address to them with the existing design of user interface. The strategy should consider changing parts of the user interface so that these remedies can be included. References Hearst, M. A., Laskowski, P., Silva, L. (2016, May). Evaluating information visualization via the interplay of heuristic evaluation and question-based accounting. InProceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 5028-5033). ACM. Jimenez, C., Lozada, P., Rosas, P. (2016, September). Usability heuristics: A systematic review. InComputing Conference (CCC), 2016 IEEE 11th Colombian(pp. 1-8). IEEE. Klling, M., McKay, F. (2016). Heuristic evaluation for novice programming systems.ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE),16(3), 12. McNamara, L. A., Berg, L., Butler, K., Klein, L. (2017, May). Does this interface make my sensor look bad? Basic principles for designing usable, useful interfaces for sensor technology operators. InSPIE Defense+ Security(pp. 101900O-101900O). International Society for Optics and Photonics. Nejatimoharrami, F., Faina, A., Jovanovic, A., St-Cyr, O., Chignell, M., Stoy, K. (2017, April). UI Design for an Engineering Process: Programming Experiments on a Liquid Handling Robot. InRobotic Computing (IRC), IEEE International Conference on(pp. 196-203). IEEE. Reolon, M., Lacerda, T. C., Krone, C., von Wangenheim, C. G., Xafranski, J., Nunes, J. V., von Wangenheim, A. (2016). Usability Heuristics for Evaluating Health-care Applications for Smartphones: A Systematic Literature Review. Santos, B. S., Silva, S., Ferreira, B. Q., Dias, P. (2017, July). An Exploratory Study on the Predictive Capacity of Heuristic Evaluation in Visualization Applications. InInternational Conference on Human-Computer Interaction(pp. 369-383). Springer, management. Schnall, R., Rojas, M., Bakken, S., Brown, W., Carballo-Dieguez, A., Carry, M., ... Travers, J. (2016). A user-centered model for designing consumer mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps).Journal of biomedical informatics,60, 243-251. Swaid, S., Maat, M., Krishnan, H., Ghoshal, D., Ramakrishnan, L. (2017, July). Usability Heuristic Evaluation of Scientific Data Analysis and Visualization Tools. InInternational Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics(pp. 471-482). Springer, Cham. Yun, H., Israel, J. H., Fortenbacher, A., Rott, H., Metzler, D. (2017). User-Centric Approach to the Design of a Mobile Learning Companion.Mensch und Computer 2017-Workshopband.

Romero Essays (599 words) - English-language Films, Films, Romero

Romero When the movie starts off, you are introduced to only a portion of the injustice that the El Salvadorians faced. The new president was supposed to be one that was elected into office. It was unimaginable to me that citizens who were on their way to vote were stopped. They were only allowed to proceed by foot. There is no way that any such think could occur here, in the United States. It's hard for me to accept that things like that actually happened, and still happen. It was time to appoint a new archbishop. The other priests elected Romero thinking that he wouldn't make any waves. This shocked me. People would actually use as criteria for archbishop whether or not they would make waves. I would think that they would want the person in that position to be strong in their beliefs. It later turned out that Romero would unpleasantly surprise them. This movie also showed a very vivid line between the rich and the poor. It was hard to believe that they all lived in the same country. The wealthy barely even treat the poor like people. They are merely pests that they avoid at all costs. I know that in America the gap between the very rich and the very poor is wide, but there is at least some form of middle class, and the poor have the same rights as everyone else. When the guerillas started to attack the people, in the square when the people were receiving communion for instance, Romero finally stood up. It is not really the place of the Church to take a political stand, but no one else in such a powerful position was standing up for the rights of the people being oppressed. Romero went to lengths beyond what anyone expected or hoped he would go to. Unfortunately, his heroism was not greeted very well, except by the people he was defending. It just amazed me how strong he was in what he believed. It takes such courage and wit to follow through with the things that he did. I can't even fathom how hard it was to walk into that prison and walk out with a prisoner. If he had been anyone but the Archbishop, he would have been killed. I think the part that made me realize his faith the most was when he walked into the church that had been taken by the army. He just walked right in past the big man holding the gun. He started to pick up the communion even while shots were being fired. And after he left, he came back and gave communion to the crowd. It was just so touching. The people believed in him as much as he believed in what he was doing. I've never been faced with anything near as big as the struggle that the El Salvadorians were facing. To have to live in those conditions, and to have no one be able to protect you or fight for what you believe in. It is so unimaginable to me that they had virtually no rights. It made me so sad that at the end, Romero was assassinated. It was really no surprise. Anyone that stood up for what they believed in that was opposite of what the people in power were preaching was killed. Romero was the only person in power to stand up. He was protected for a while because of his status, but it could not protect him forever. I know that struggles like this occur in America, but on a much smaller level that no one notices. I guess that makes it hard for me to conceive of something like this actually ever happening. It makes me so sad to realize that it really did.

Quran Essays - Allah, God, Islamic Ethics, Sin, Al-Qalam

Qu'ran Andrew Potievsky The Qur'an is like a bible really. The Islamic people believe it to e the ultimate moral authority. Its basic moral message would be to follow Allah and believe in him no matter what the problem and always have faith in Allah. An example would be the ? we make no difference between one and another of them. And we bow to Allah (in Islam). It is similar to Judaism because it was all monotheists, which meant that they all believed in one god only. An example would be that ?say ye: ?we believe in Allah and the revelation given to us ? It is Similar to Christianity because they believe in being baptized and so d the Islamic people. An example would be this ? (our religion is) the baptism of Allah and who can baptize better than Allah and it is He whom we worship. It would be different from Christianity because Christianity believes in one God only but The Islamic people believe in Allah. An example would be ?For Allah is the lord of Grace abounding?. I thought the Qur'an was in a way surprising because of how the believe in Allah so greatly that it is just amazing of how the have complete faith in Allah. I also found some parts puzzling because I did not understand some things that were expressed in the suras. Overall it showed how Allah is like the center for the Islamic people. Bibliography * History Reports

Free sample - Complex Congenital Heart Disease. translation missing

Complex Congenital Heart Disease. Complex Congenital Heart DiseaseComplex Congenital Heart Disease Congenital heart disease is a defect   or malformation in the structure of the heart or vessels that supply it with blood. This defect occurs as the fetus develops in the uterus and is therefore present at birth (Pampel, 2004). This defect   interferes with the normal flow of blood through the heart. Complex congenital heart disease requires immediate medical attention since it can be very fatal. Complex congenital heart disease can be attributed to both genetic and environmental factors. A pregnant woman who suffers rheumatic heart disease produces antibodies which act against the Ro and La auto antigens in the fetus (Pampel, 2004).   The part of the Ro antigen targeted by the antibodies from the mother is called p200 protein. The more the number of antibodies produced against this protein, the more the damage to the heart of the fetus. This antibody - antigen reaction causes the inflammation and subsequent calcification of the cardiac system of the fetus hence damaging the he art structure (Calnan, 1991). Researchers also have it that anti-seizure medication taken by a pregnant woman makes the fetus more vulnerable to congenital heart disease. Pregnant women who take lithium to treat depression, as well as those who have phenylketonuria (PKU) and do not strictly take the special diet prescribed to them predispose the fetus to the attack (Calnan, 1991). Women who contract   the Rubella virus and those who get vaccinated against the same stand higher chances of giving birth to children with CHD. Other studies indicate that this condition has autosomal-dominant inheritance meaning that mothers who have the condition stand about fifty percent chances of passing it to the child (Kaplan, 2002). A number of Chromosome abnormalities can also result to CHD. These include: Down syndrome, trisomy 18 and 13, turner’s syndrome, cri du chat syndrome, wolf – Hirsh horn syndrome   and Digeorge syndrome ( deletion 22q11). Genetic syndromes have also been shown to make one more vulnerable to the condition. These are: Marfan syndrome, Smith-lemli-optiz syndrome, Ellis-van Creveld, Holt- Oram syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and Mucopolysaccharidoses (Kaplan, 2002). Errors at any stage in the embryological development of the heart can result in   congenital heart disease.   This development occurs between the third and the ninth week of the gestation period (American Heart [AH], 2010). The heart is formed when a group of cells join to form sheets of tissue, which then join to form a tube whose growth results in the formation of the atria and ventricles (AH, 2010). The resulting tissue undergoes twists and turns while the atria, ventricles and truncus undergo septation.   The antrioventricular canal and conus align the portions of the heart in a manner that allows smooth blood flow. If any error occurs during this process, then heart complications such as the congenital heart disease result (AH, 2010). Incidences of congenital heart disease are on the rise according to recent studies. Data from researchers in the western industrialized world for instance indicate that the incidence of the condition has increased from about three to five per every one thousand live births to about twelve per every one thousand live births. Some researchers though argue that this increase can be attributed to technological advances which have seen the invention of more sensitive detection methods (AH, 2010).    Left to right shunts is the commonest physiology associated with congenital heart disease. This occurs when oxygenated blood   goes back to the lungs to get re-oxygenated. This return causes a redundancy in the circulation. This leads to an increased venous return from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium as well as the left ventricle. This causes the left ventricle to experience volume overload (Larsen, 1993). In a nutshell, left to right shunt causes a volume overload on the left ventricle, as well as pulmonary circulation and reduced systematic output. Left to right shunt lesions   cause physiological alterations at the ventricular or great artery level. Congestive heart failure can occur between week two and six as a result of a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistances which is accompanied by an increase in systemic vascular resistances as well as physiological nadir in the hemoglobin (Larsen, 1993). Increased left to right blood shunting ultimately results to   pulmonary vasculature which causes hyperplasia of the vessel walls and subsequent hypertension (Kenneth, 1997). Ventricular septal defect is a defect which also occurs in patients with congenital heart disease. In this case, there is a left to right shunt across the ventricular level. During this shunting, blood from the left ventrical is ejected during systole to the pulmonary circulation. This blood causes a volume   overload   to the left atrium as well as the left ventricle (Kenneth, 1997). Patent ductus arteriosus   is characterized by a left to right shunt during systole and diastole from the aorta to the pulmonary artery. Owing to the presence   of   higher pressure in the aorta as compared to that in the pulmonary artery, the left to right shunt gets continuous.   This causes a volume overload on the left atrium as well as the left ventricle. A large degree of PDA results in pulmonary vascular disease (Larsen, 1993). Truncus arteriosus occurs whereby, the pulmonary arteries are joined to the aorta. Patients who suffer this condition experience higher occurrences of pulmonary hypertension and vascular disease (Larsen, 1993).    Right to left shunt occurs when the deoxygenated blood that goes to the lungs for oxygenation returns back to the body without reoxygenation. One condition associated with this is tetralogy of fallot. This is a condition occurring as a result of the presence of RV outflow obstruction. It results to a right to left shunt across the VSD (Hoffman, 2005). A person suffering from this condition is cyanotic as a result of paucity of pulmonary blood flow. This blood inadequacy results in a smaller left ventricle than the right one owing to a reduction in the pulmonary venous return (Hoffman, 2005). Congenital heart disease is discovered in some cases when the mother undergoes a ultrasound scan during pregnancy. Other cases are not discovered during this scan and therefore they   are discovered through symptoms when the baby is born (Hoffman,2005). In other cases still, the new born doesn’t   show symptoms of the condition until later years. Some people grow to adulthood without showing symptoms of the condition. Signs and symptoms of this disease include: recurrent lung infections, shortness of breath which is also rapid, fatigue especially during exercises, lack of appetite, low rate of weight gain, sweating while eating, weak pulse in babies and cyanosis color on the skin around the mouth, lips as well as the tongue (Niessen, 2008).    The diagnosis of congenital heart disease can be done before or after birth. Antenatal diagnosis is done through a fetal echocardiography which is a type of ultrasound scanner designed to create a picture of the sides of the heart chambers. This test is done   in the course of regular antenatal examinations which come during the 18th and 20th week of pregnancy (Niessen, 2008).   Post natal diagnosis is compulsory if the baby presents with some of the signs of the disease such as blue color around the lips, feeding problems, slow rate of growth, etc. methods used   during this diagnosis include: Electrocardiogram, a test that measures the heart’s electrical activity (Niessen, 2008). This method involves placing electrodes on the skin above the heart which are then connected to a computer. Electrical signals coming from the heart are then analyzed by the computer (Shanley, 2007). Chest x-ray can also be used to detect the disease. This x-ray basically examines if there is excess amount of blood in the lungs or if the heart size is normal. Excess blood in the lungs and a larger heart are signs of the disease (Shanley, 2007). Pulse oximetry is also a detection method that measures the amount of blood present in the child’s blood. A special sensor is placed in the child’s fingertip, ear or toe which sends out light waves. Absorption of the light waves is checked via a computer since the absorption behavior can indicate the oxygen levels in the blood (Shanley, 2007). Cardiac catheterization as a detection method seeks to find out blood pumping behavior. A catheter is inserted in one of the major blood vessels in the groin. Its then pushed to the heart though the assistance of x-rays or MRI scanners. Blood   pressure readings at different parts of the heart are then recorded by a small pressure monitor attached to the end of catheter (Larsen, 1993) . Treatment of this condition involves administering medicines which can make the heart beat regular incase its not.   The medicines basically mitigate the symptoms before an operation to fix the problem is administered. These medicines include a prostaglandin inhibitor administered to   a premature baby to assist in closing a patent ductus arteriosus (Niessen, 2008).   Heart catheterization   discussed under diagnosis can also be used to fix the problem. Surgery if necessary is advisable when the baby is strong enough to withstand it. Open heart surgery is carried out if the problem cannot be fixed using a catheter. This surgery aims at closing holes with the help of stitches or patches, repairing or replacing damaged heart valves, and   repairing complex defects (Niessen, 2008). If the problem is too severe to repair, a transplant is recommended. The heart to be used is normally obtained through a donation by   the family of a diseased child (AH, 2010). Nursing care for young ones with congenital heart disease involves basics such as feeding, giving medicines, watching and recording trouble signs, and encouraging them to get involved in their health care program (AH, 2010). Involving the child in the health care program would help them understand why they have a scar, why they need to take medicine, as well as the positive impact play can have to the general wellness of their heart. The child is also helped to understand the need to take certain nutrients such as boiled fish, Mediterranean diet and others which strengthen the heart (AH, 2010). There are several support groups throughout the world for children with heart diseases. Mended little hearts for instance is a support group that helps families with such children (AH, 2010). The Mary bridge child life department offers pre-operative tours for children as well as families scheduled for treatments such as heart catheterization, and cardiothoracic surgery. We also have care pages which are free, private, as well as personalized WebPages pages which patients can visit to obtain any form of advice and care required (AH, 2010). These pages are available at multicare facilities so patients can always keep in touch for any care needed. A patient can post a question as far as care is concerned which is replied with messages of support (AH, 2010). The following is a list of such websites which one can visit for information regarding children’s heart care,   diagnosis, treatment as well as support resources: American Heart Association, Children’s Heart Institut e, Children’s   Hospital Health System of Wisconsin, Children’s mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Congenital Heart Defect Online Hand   book, Congenital Heart Defects (Texas Heart Institute), Congenital Heart Defects ( Texas Heart Institute)- in Spanish, Congenital Heart Information Network, Heart Centre Online, and Heart Institute for Children (AH, 2010). Children with congenital Heart disease have a poorer quality life   than those who are healthy. Children with more severe complications have a   very bad physical and physiological quality of life. For instance, such children are advised against getting involved in certain type of exercises hence they are not free to interact with their peers in every thing. Such   children also end up with very poor psychological life as a result of limited social interactions with their peers (AH, 2010). In conclusion, this paper has discussed the etiology of congenital heart disease. Genetic factors causing the disease have included: rheumatic heart disease in the mother, Chromosome abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, trisomy 18 and 13, turner’s syndrome, cri du chat syndrome, wolf – Hirsh horn syndrome   and Digeorge syndrome ( deletion 22q11). Genetic syndromes have also been shown to make one more vulnerable to the condition. These have included : Marfan syndrome, Smith-lemli-optiz syndrome, Ellis-van Creveld, Holt- Oram syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and Mucopolysaccharidoses. Environmental factors leading to the disease have included: in take of substances such as lithium by the mother as well as Rubella virus. Embryology of the disease has also been discussed with errors in heart formation being linked to the disease. Incidences of the disease have been seen to rise with recent research indicating   about twelve incidences per every one thousand live births. The pathophysiology of the disease has been discussed with effects of both left to right and right to left shunts being analyzed. The effects have included but not limited to : pulmonary vascular disease, pulmonary vasculature which causes hyperplasia of the vessel walls, hypertension and   Congestive heart failure. Diagnosis methods have included both prenatal and post natal. Postnatal methods have included Electrocardiogram, Pulse oximetry, Chest x-ray, and Cardiac catheterization. Both medicinal and surgical procedures for treating the disease have been discussed. Support groups for patients with the disease have included: American Heart Association, Children’s Heart Institute, Children’s   Hospital Health System of Wisconsin, Children’s mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Congenital Heart Defect Online Hand   book, Congenital Heart Defects (Texas Heart Institute), Congenital Heart Defects ( Texas Heart Institute)- in Spanish, Congenital Heart Information Netw ork, Heart Centre Online, and Heart Institute for Children.   References Pampel, F. (2004). Progress against Heart Disease. London: Praeger . Calnan, M. (1991). Preventing Coronary Heart Disease: Prospects, Policies and Politics. New York: Routledge   Kaplan, H. (2002). The incidence of congenital heart disease. London: Oxford University Press Larsen, W. (1993). â€Å"Development of the Heart†. Human Embryology. London: Churchill Livingstone. Kenneth, J.(1997). Smith’s recognizable patterns of human malformation. 5th ed.   London: Routledge.   Hoffman, J. (2005). Essential Cardiology : Principles and Practice. Totowa: Humana Press Niessen, K. (2008). â€Å" Notch Signaling in Cardiac Development† Circulation Research. London: Oxford University Press Complex Congenital Heart Disease 12 Shanley, T. (2007). Pediatric critical care medicine: basic science and clinical evidence. London: Praeger .

Strategic Plan Part I Organizational Structure Essay

Strategic Plan Part I Organizational Structure - Essay Example orate strategy for as long as 20 years into the horizon like what Panasonic did when its founder Konosuke Matsushita was still alive; other firms normally plan a decade ahead. This paper deals with Kaiser Permanente which is the largest health care organization in the United States today. It has 8.6 million health plan members and employs a total of 14,600 doctors and 167,000 employees. This impressive business organization was the response to the Great Depression by industrialist Henry Kaiser and Dr. Sidney R. Garfield. It was founded in 1938 because the United States is the only industrialized nation in the Western world not to have a national health plan or the so-called socialized medicine. The Kaiser Permanente operates on four core principles which are group medical practice, prepaid medical services, the focus of medical services is on prevention and the rendition of the whole set of medical services under one roof. These principles are the forerunners of what we today know as health-maintenance organizations (HMOs) by which a group of health-care providers are contracted to deliver specified pre-paid medical services to a defined group of enrollees or what is known today as health plan members (Boyer, 2001, p. 1). Today, there are close to 700 health maintenance organizations nationwide. Most of them are for-profit organizations although many of them originally started as charitable or tax free organizations designed to provide medical care access on a broad democratic basis to all people who needed them. Because of lack in the US of any socialized or subsidized national health plan, the HMO gained widespread acceptance as logical alternative to fee-for-services arrangements that existed before but which some poor people can no longer afford due to high or escalating costs. The idea of HMO gained further traction because of its emphasis on health maintenance (preventive care) and managed care that seeks to minimize health costs. The two end results of